Preparing for Power: programme of the RCP (2nd edition)

2nd edition

PREPARING FOR

PREPARING FOR

PREPARING FOR

PREPARING FOR

POWER

THE PROGRAMME

OF THE REVOLUTIONARY

COMMUNIST PARTY

30p

PREPARING FOR

POWER

OF THE REVOLUTIONARY

THE PROGRAMME

COMMUNIST PARTY

junius

TIM MARTIN

= 0118.9568401

BESIGN & RESEARCH

4A ZINZANSTREET READING RG1700

100010.2631 § COMPUSERVE COM

The Programme of the Revolutionary Communist Party Preparing for Power

ISBN 0 9508404 2 4

Printed by Morning Litho Printers Ltd (TU) Typeset by Junius Publications Ltd (TU) First published in July 1983 Reprinted in November 1983 Copyright © Junius Publications

BCM JP LTD

London WCIN 3XX

Contents Introduction pl 1. The demise of the old order p3 2. Who rules? p7 3. Breaking the chains pll 4. The unions we need p19 5. Their state - our rights p25 6 Fighting the war drive p31 7. Austerity socialism - or revolutionary communism? p37

Introduction THE FIRST EDITION of the programme of the Revolutionary Communist Party was published for the June 1983 General Election in Britain. Labour's catastrophic defeat and the prolonged post mortem that followed give added weight to one of the central themes that runs through the following pages. The Labour Party has no policies that the working class can believe in and no solutions that can defend workers' interests. Labour has lost many of its traditional working class supporters and has failed to attract workers in newer industries and services. Most workers, especially younger workers, are repelled by the shambles of the traditional party of the working class. The impact of the recession and the new aggressiveness of employers and the Government have demoralised the leadership of the labour movement. The Tories' break with past traditions of negotiation and arbitration in industry and a consensus approach in politics has left the labour bureaucracy isolated and vulnerable. The leaders of both the unions and the Labour Party have adopted defensive postures to hold the movement together. 'Compromise' was the theme of this year's Labour Party conference. Sobered by its thrashing at the polls, Labour united behind a new leader whose singular merit is his readiness to abandon most of Labour's most deeply held - but also deeply unpopular - convictions. In came Neil Kinnock, and out went unilateral nuclear disarmament, withdrawal from the EEC, opposition to council house sales - and the Militant editorial board. Self-preservation is the instinct that lies behind Labour's new yearning for unity.

The General Election revealed the gulf between the labour bureaucracy and the working class. In the current political climate a gap has also opened up between the more militant workers and the mass of the working class. Mass unemployment and economic insecurity have strengthened conservative tendencies among some workers. The ineffectiveness of the unions and the Labour Party's lack of credibility have engendered a mood of passivity and cynicism. Some workers have proved more susceptible to the appeals of the Tories and the SDP-Liberal Alliance than to the calls of the labour bureaucracy. This combination of economic and political pressures has slowed the movement forward of the more politically conscious workers. They have been held back by the pressures of fragmentation and demoralisation that prevent the mass of workers from taking action to defend class interests.

The crisis of the labour bureaucracy and the new volatility of working class political loyalties opens up a situation of some danger, but also one with great positive potential. The British left has been profoundly influenced by the more conservative moods within the labour movement. This

has led to agonising reappraisals of the nature and structure of the working class and gloomy commentaries on the 'downturn' . The left responds instinctively in its reliance on the labour bureaucracy. It is also obliged to come to terms with its lack of an independent programme through which to appeal to the more politically active workers. Hence, for the various left factions in the orbit of the Labour Party, the only alternatives are to move to the right or become irrelevant.

Since the General Election the British left has polarised between an expanding soft left around Kinnock and the increasingly marginalised fragments of the radical left factions inside and outside the Labour Party. Because it has nothing to offer the working class, the left can only do one of two things. It can help to revive the Labour Party or it can wait for something to turn up outside it. The British left is incapable of seizing the time provided by the crisis of the existing labour leadership to build a fighting alternative. Rather than try to overcome the despair that haunts the working class, the left effectively prolongs it by trying to breathe new life into the labour bureaucracy. The official labour movement survives because it has so far avoided a systematic national challenge. It now rests on a shrinking social base, largely in the public sector unions. It has failed to broaden its influence among new sections of the working class, women, blacks, the unemployed. It faces an uphill struggle to rebuild a credible reformist movement within the working class.

Kinnock has set about providing a focus for this project by identifying with campaigns against cuts and closures in the National Health Service. Various groupings in the Labour Party and the unions are responding to the same preoccupation by getting involved in campaigns against deportations; some are even talking about the Irish War. This is the left's function for the bureaucracy - to provide a campaigning image to revitalise the decaying structures of the official labour movement.

The working class has no interest in restoring a rotten prop to a crumbling system. We have nothing to gain from saving British capitalism or its Labour caretakers.

Nor do we have to wait in despondent resignation for 'something to turn up'. The paralysis of the official labour movement and the ideological disarray of the left offers a unique challenge. Now is not the time to retreat but a time to take the opportunities opened up by the malaise of the bureaucracy to build a genuine working class alternative. The Revolutionary Communist Party has no stake in the existing system and no links with the bureaucracy. Today, to fulfil even the most modest needs of the working class demands a struggle that goes beyond the limits imposed by the institutions of the labour movement. Our approach is to get involved in the struggles of the working class and build a party now that can lead the fight for power in the struggles ahead.

Our programme is for those who appreciate that the working class cannot afford to wait five years for another general election to return a Labour government. The struggles fought today will determine whether our class will be crushed and forced to carry the burden of a degenerate system -or will find a road to its liberation. Our programme sets out an alternative direction for struggle; it also shows why workers cannot afford to live with Labour.

Much of the RCP programme is based on the direct experience of the working class in Britain and internationally. We believe that these experiences provide compelling lessons for the workers movement. In particular, they present a clear challenge to what passes for left-wing politics today. There are those who will not face up to this challenge, and will embark on another inevitably unsuccessful campaign to revitalise the Labour Party and democratise the official labour movement.

Some will retreat to seek solace in parochial 'community" activities. But others who are prepared to face up to reality and who have no need for evasions will draw the inescapable conclusions of Preparing for Power. 2

The age of the microcomputer, the space shuttle and biotechnology is also the age of industrial decay and mass unemployment. While the granaries of the West fill to bursting point.

the Third World is ravaged by starvation. Never before has humanity had so many resources at its disposal: never before has so much been denied to so many people. CAPITALISM is out of control. One moment there is an oil shortage: the next a glut. Interest rates bounce wildly up and down and exchange rate fluctuations throw the money markets into chaos. Every country in the world is in the grip of the recession. Every government aims simply to limit the damage'. • But there are no economic policies available that can halt the slide towards collapse. because the crisis is an inevitable result of the capitalist system itself. The rule of profit Today goods are produced. not 1. The demise of the old order because people need them, but because producing goods enables capitalists to make a profit. Yet the goal of profit acts as a constraint on production. If profit rates fall, factories are left empty, machines made idle and workers destitute. Even though people might be in need of the products of industry.

capitalists will not produce them it it is not lucrative to do so. Profit. the sole aim and object of capitalist production.

holds everything back Today's world recession is a result of declining profitability. Any revival of profitability will only follow a long period of depression and havoc - a period like the 'thirties and the Second World War. but much worse. After two centuries of ruling the Earth, capitalism is set to consign it to depravity. if not to oblivion. Forty years ago the destruction of capital, the defeat of the international working class and the global ascendancy of the USA ushered in a profits recovery. Thereafter, the intervention of the state throughout the economies of the West staved off tendencies towards crisis. Government subsidies and government-backed credit counteracted the effects of falling profit rates.

Manufacturers could raise their prices

and still stay in business. In the 'fifties and 'sixties, industry expanded and living standards improved. But public spending, borrowing and lending, proved to be only of cosmetic value. By the mid 'seventies state investments only made excess industrial capacity worse, while state credit only fuelled inflation.

The capitalist class had only one option left: austerity. Austerity - deflation, cuts in public spending and 'tight money' has two aims. The first is to make the working class pay for the crisis. The second is to drive capital's weaker enterprises to the wall, and so enable its stronger ones to forge ahead at higher levels of profitability. The second aim must be achieved both at home and at the international level. To safeguard its own capitals the bourgeoisie of each imperialist power must try to do its allies down. Austerity means competition and war.

As factories close down and incomes decline, so world trade contracts, and the struggle for higher market shares becomes a national political issue. Already the arguments over international trade are heated: soon they may end in outright military conflict. The rule of profit impedes the development of mass production and opens the way for mass destruction. The upturn that isn't So far we have lived through a decade of recession, a decade of occasional upswings but of longer and more profound downturns. More credit solves nothing, for as long as profit rates stay rock bottom, capitalists will not invest.

Indeed the credit system has become so over-stretched that a major crash is only another banker's rescue-package away.

Last year, more than 25 countries announced that they could not possibly begin to pay back the billions of dollars they owed imperialist financiers.

While the moneylenders worry about a financial collapse, industry is dying on its feet. Output in most Western countries has slumped to mid 'seventies levels. In the USA industrial investment fell by 3.8 per cent in 1982: in France it was down eight per cent. Even Japan, the most dynamic of the imperialist powers, plans eight per cent less manufacturing investment this year. As for Britain, once the workshop of the world, it logged an unprecedented trade deficit of £1.4 billion on manufactures in the first quarter of 1983. If this trend continues, Britain this year will have a manufactures deficit for the first time since the Industrial Revolution.

Austerity has only slowed the rate of collapse. Despite record bankruptcies, major rationalisations and sliding wages, industry remains unprofitable. When politicians and economists talk about an 'upturn to come', they are indulging in wishful thinking. The truth is that the recession proper is only just beginning.

From retrenchment to frenzy Today's much-vaunted improvement in the world economy results from limited measures to stimulate consumer spending.

But slight increases in consumer demand will not save the capitalist system. What they will do is increase the rate of inflation and so cause more ructions in the monetary sphere. Some spare industrial capacity will be put to use.

but most commentators take it for granted that unemployment will continue to rise. So far we have only seen hints of what is to come. Over the past 10 years various measures have cushioned the impact of the recession, which has made itself felt unevenly and insidiously. Parts of industry are still prospering - particularly those based on new technology or favoured with government largesse. Real wages have been eroded, but cuts in money wages remain exceptional.

Facilities provided by hospitals, schools and town halls have been whittled away almost imperceptibly. But to date there has been no sudden and dramatic 4

impoverishment of any section of society: even those on the dole have just about managed to survive. At the same time mechanisms like the International Monetary Fund and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade have moderated competition on the world market and so have helped to avert an all-out trade war. But the expedients of the past are proving more and more ineffective. A reckoning awaits all classes and all nations.

For the capitalists matters must get much worse before they can get at all better. The working class will have to take a much harder pounding than it has done up to now. Tens of millions will have to be deprived of a living: hundreds of millions will have to work harder for While Africa starves, the EEC bulldozes its potato mountain less. Cuts in the most basic social services will begin on a leaner victim and they will reach down to the bone. In the international domain a similar shift from retrenchment to frenzy will occur. The imperialist powers will no longer be able to resolve their differences by diplomatic means - they have too little room to manoeuvre. All their collaborative institutions, including even the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, will be torn apart. One way out The recession means disaster for the backward capitalist economies of the Third World. Plummeting raw materials prices and punitive interest rates on foreign loans allow the imperialists to 5

pocket a growing proportion of these countries resources. Yet the Third World suffers not only robbery, but robbery with violence. The imperialists will go to any lengths to preserve their interests. While an advance guard of ambassadors and loan sharks make aid' conditional on more plunder.

counter-insurgency experts and helicopter gunships stand ready to enforce Western interests all over Central and South America, the Middle East, Africa and Asia. The horrors of Beirut show what imperialism holds in store for humanity.

Yet the capitalist system will not collapse of its own accord. If we do not finish it off, it will live to degrade us all. Nothing less than a new world order can stop a further relapse into savagery.

The capitalist crisis points to the urgent need for a society based on the principles of communism. Subverting and overthrowing capitalism is not merely desirable; civilisation depends on it. There is no other route by which a colossal tragedy can be avoided. There is no other route by which new technology can be used to end exhaustion and famine once and for all.

Communism is possible, and there is no alternative. The recession shows that capitalism has reached the end of the line The traditional ways of dealing with recession - more state spending, extra credit - have failed: even austerity has so far had little effect The recession means commercial strife, nationally and internationally; it means whole countries laid to waste The demise of the old order opens the way for a new one communism 6

The world recession exposes everything that it is rotten about the capitalist system. It confirms that planned production under the control of the working class is both feasible and necessary. The capitalist class has no answers to the historic questions posed by the crisis, yet its system It survives largely staggers on. thanks to the services of the official labour movement. Never before has there been such a mismatch between the possibilities for progress and the conservatism of our leaders. THE BOURGEOISIE is in political disarray. Governments come and go: no government has come up with a team capable of finding a way out of trouble.

In every imperialist country the establishment lacks direction and purpose. The volatility of electorates and the instability of governments make bourgeois politics more unpredictable than ever. In Western Europe, the USA and Japan, administrations live on borrowed 2. Who rules? time. No sooner are they elected than their incompetence is exposed. The recession undermines the morale of our rulers. The only thing that holds them together is their common desire to teach the working class a lesson.

Here there is unanimity. In their determination to crush workers' resistance, Ronald Reagan and Margaret Thatcher personify the requirements of the international capitalist class. They are not alone: in Tokyo, Bonn, Paris and Rome their counterparts pursue the same policies, with less strident rhetoric, but with no less resolution. 'Socialist' Mitterand imposes the same austerity as the 'Conservative' Thatcher. They may row over the European Economic Community, but both share a passion for making attacks on the proletariat.

Reaction rampant The bourgeoisie attacks on the ideological level as well as on the material front. The ruling class needs to unite all sections of society behind its national and international stratagems.

Almost instinctively, it stirs up deep-seated public prejudices against foreigners, blacks and women.

Patriotic fervour prepares the nation for war. It conflates working class

interests with those of the bosses and strengthens capital's hold over society.

Yet patriotism is not only directed against toes abroad. It also targets the 'foreigners' within: immigrant and ethnic minorities. A climate of chauvinist hysteria prevails in every imperialist country. Parties contest elections on the basis of how effective they will be in keeping 'foreigners' out and already-settled or second generation blacks under control. This recourse to racist sentiments takes the pressure off the ruling class while further humiliating the proletariat.

The establishment has turned the fears bred by economic insecurity into a wave of support for 'law and order'.

It reduces all the social problems thrown up by the recession to questions of crime, policing and punishment. The victims of capitalist oppression are labelled criminals and blamed for all society's ills. Their criminalisation as "muggers" "terrorists', 'drug addicts'.

"spongers' relieves the bosses of their responsibility for social disintegration, distracts from the real issues and gives the police a free hand. It also divides the working class. Criminalisation allows the bourgeoisie to turn young unemployed people into outcasts and blacks into scapegoats. It provides a precedent for dealing with other sections of the working class. Cold-war scaremongering retains an important place in the bourgeois armoury, especially in the USA and Britain. Raising the bogey of the Soviet Union and Soviet spies empowers the ruling class to label every act of working class defiance as subversive. It also legitimises rearmament and fosters an atmosphere of battle-readiness in the midst of civilian life. Britain's 'Falklands Factor' is a model for imperialist statesmen everywhere. It enabled the British ruling class to mobilise mass public backing for its war against Argentina, and strengthen its position against striking trade unionists at home.

It made folk heroes of soldiers and sailors and led to growing public approval for conventional rearmament to supplement nuclear stockpiling. It prompted debates about voluntary military training and made the conscription of the unemployed acceptable. The 'Falklands Factor' has an international significance: there is a similar impetus towards the militarisation of peacetime politics in every metropolitan citadel. Moral rearmament From Hitler's diaries to the dangers of glue-sniffing, the bourgeoisie's cultural salvoes know no bounds. There are new panies about venereal disease (herpes, AIDS) and fresh debates about the moment life begins (over the morning after' pill and test-tube babies). One of the main objects of the ruling class is to reconstruct a system of morality consistent with women's position under capitalism. Confined to the home and cut off from the wider life of society, women are told to be grateful for their lot. Both sexes are instructed that the conformist, privatised family protected by the benevolent nation state • is the pinnacle of human achievement. The organisations of the working class are singled out for sustained ideological attack. While the past five years of unemployment have helped to soften up the labour movement, much more remains to be done. In all major capitalist countries the state is moving to curb union activity and help employers put the screws on their workforces. Everywhere parliaments have approved anti-union laws and given employers free rein to victimise militants. In general the bosses have followed a step-by-step approach, selectively challenging different groups of workers. In the USA, unions may soon become extinct: but everywhere else the employers aim to preserve the mediating function of the unions - 8

From the Malvinas to Marks and Spencer, nationalism allows them to divide and rule so long as rank and file rebelliousness is quelled. In France, Italy and Britain the bosses still talk to the union leaders, while promoting unions which are completely tailored to their own needs.

When it comes to shopfloor organisation their approach is more aggressive still.

They want speed-ups, more flexible working and the removal of restrictive . All independent workplace practices'. organisation must be destroyed.

Labour's paralysis In the early years of the recession the labour movement was more subject to jibes than it was to direct attack.

The unions were assailed for being too powerful and undemocratic, for being dominated by extremists and even for being influenced by Moscow. Today the machinery itself is being dismantled.

None of the old customs are safe: negotiation, bargaining and compromise are all luxuries the capitalists can no longer afford. Naked class warfare

ROSE DUU

BRITISH

is already moving off the inside pages of the papers on to the streets.

One of the most remarkable aspects of the present period is that the recession has not produced a serious working class revolt against the capitalist order.

While the bosses prepare for class war, the official labour movement remains in a state of paralysis. Not for generations has the ruling class entered such a major recession with such a weak adversary.

Weighed down by a succession of defeats from the 'twenties to the 'forties the labour movement has developed almost entirely under the influence of reformism. Throughout the West the parties claiming to represent the working class have become locked into the capitalist system. The unions in particular have developed close links with the employers and their state.

State intervention in wide areas of society has created a jungle of official bodies whose job it is to incorporate the labour movement into the day-to-day running of capitalism.

In the 'fifties and "sixties Labour's alliance with the state seemed to bring results. State intervention meant more and more posts for the labour bureaucrats to staff. Class antagonisms came to be channelled through hundreds of committees, agencies and quangos. When the recession struck, the official labour movement was a long-recognised partner in bourgeois policy-making. It was natural that it should shoulder the burden of helping capital out of its mess.

The 'seventies was the era of the Social Contract. The labour leaders of Western Europe took it upon themselves to educate workers in the realities of capitalism, exhorting them to make sacrifices today in return for the promise of jam tomorrow.

This experience weakened the working class.

Workers rarely challenged institutionalised class collaboration; indeed it was employers who turned against it in the end.

Now the bosses are bolder, while the irrelevance of the labour leaders and their plans is clear for all to see.

Europe's socialist, communist and labour parties base their programmes on more state intervention. But the salvation of capitalism does not lie in nationalising unprofitable industries, or in extending social services. The state will only intervene today to enforce austerity. As it happens, even the dullest of labour leaders has grasped this point, murmuring that 'now is not the time' for reforms.

Once more Mitterand shows the way.

He has dropped all pretence of doing anything other than pushing through the measures necessary to save French capitalism. A realistic alternative From ministerial salons to works canteens, Labour politics lack plausibility. High unemployment has forced workers to turn from their enfeebled unions to look for a political response to the capitalist attack.

But the Labour leaders have none that can capture workers' imaginations. The most damning indictment of the Labour leadership is that it has failed even to make unemployment a political issue. Millions of workers simply do not believe that 'alternative strategies' Labour's tired supply any answers to their problems.

The energies of labour bureaucrats are increasingly devoted to trying to ensure their own survival. Desperate to ensure the future of their party and union machines, they have become less and less responsive to rank and file pressure. This, together with their lack of credibility, has loosened their hold over the working class. But it has not yet led to a major breakdown in bureaucratic control. The mass of the working class is in retreat and many are cynical and demoralised.

However the crisis of the labour leadership has created a new interest in politicalideas among rank and file workers. The uselessness of the existing leaders and their staid policies necessitates a search for fresh alternatives. In the short term, this flux may lead to a shift to the right as the less class-conscious workers drift towards reactionary solutions, But the same questioning of traditional allegiances also creates an opening for revolutionaries.

For the first time since the Second World War, building a revolutionary party has become a realistic alternative.

• While the capitalist class is in deep economic difficulty, it remains in political control Nationalist and chauvinist propaganda has softened up the working class and prepared the way for more direct attacks I The long-term integration of the labour movement into the state has undermined working class resistance and stifled initiative • The disintegration of the old labour parties and trade unions creates new dangers - and new possibilities. 10

3. Breaking the chains The more the world economy goes from bad to worse, the more it becomes clear that the capitalist system can only survive at the expense of the working class.

Our political strategy starts from the basic proposition that there are no solutions for workers that also protect the interests of the bosses.

What we need is jobs and wages: what they need is mass unemployment and poverty.

Their realism means our misery our realism demands a relentless struggle against their sysiem.

THE integration of the official labour movementinto the bourgeoisestablishment has gravely weakened workers' resistance to the effects of the recession, leading to a series of setbacks on the trade union front. The result of this has been widespread demoralisation. Most workers can see no way out of the recession other than the route being mapped out by the employers and the government: the rationalisation of industry, cuts in public spending, unemployment and austerity.

The more militant workers know that these solutions spell disaster. They know that it is vital to defend jobs, living standards and services, but they cannot see how to achieve this. They know too that even the most basic defensive aims seem unrealistic to most workers today.

Widespread respect among workers for what is realistic from the point of view of the capitalists indicates the scale of the problem we face in the 'eighties.

The fatal embrace The idea that workers' demands must be tailored to what the system can afford is the inevitable result of the incorporation of the leaders of the labour movement into the capitalist machine. Over the past century. and especially over the last 40 years, the TUC has come to operate more and more as a department of state. Its senior officials rub shoulders with civil servants and industrialists on scores of committees and quangos; its junior staff walk every corridor in local government.

Because hundreds of links bind the official labour movement to the state, the priorities of the capitalist system have come to exert the predominant influence on its outlook. The influence and prestige of the labour bureaucracy depends more on its close relations with the state than

on its links with the rank and file. The bureaucracy cannot but express the viewpoint of the capitalist interests that permeate the state apparatus.

Many trade union activists know that the TUC and the union leaders play a reactionary role. Their response is generally to try to push the official labour movement in a left-wing direction.

But because the bureaucracy is so tightly bound to the system, and its officials so reliant on government patronage, this strategy is bound to fail. Indeed, the only consequence of the left's persistence in trying to make the bureaucrats more militant, is that the left itself has gone the way of the bureaucracy. Thus the recently deposed left-wing executive of the CPSA, the civil servants' union, proved to be virtually indistinguishable from its rightwing predecessors. Similarly, the demise which the Communist Party has suffered as a result of its complete absorption into the bureaucracy should serve as a warning to other left-wing organisations following the same path. In accepting the embrace of the capitalist state, the labour movement accepts strangulation. The government declares that holding on to a job and maintaining wage levels in the face of a world recession just isn't on. The TUC accepts this premise and conveys it, in trade union language, to the rank and file.

It says: 'there's little you can do until the economy picks up'. The left echoes: 'of course more could be done, but you can't do anything without the official labour movement' • It is always what can be done within the strictures of the status quo, never what we need irrespective of the state of the economy.

It is important to see just how far the union leaders' subservience to the state goes. They not only allow, but positively encourage, state institutions to fight their battles for them. Under the 1974-79 Labour Government they invited the state to strengthen their position by interfering in trade union affairs, enforcing the closed shop and even, in early 1979, introducing curbs on picketing and the right to strike.

The deepening recession since 1979 has not changed their commitment to a similar package of policies to be implemented by a future Labour government. Even the left conducts its business through the state. In 1978 miners' leader Arthur Scargill went to the High Court in an unsuccessful challenge to the NUM's introduction of area productivity deals.

In 1982 the Militant Tendency had recourse to the judiciary to prevent its expulsion from the Labour Party. Just after the 1983 General Election was announced, GLC leader Ken Livingstone threatened to support an injunction against his party's national executive, to thwart manoeuvres designed to prevent his selection as a parliamentary candidate.

Be realistic! The labour movement's dependence on the state must be ended. We must regain the political and organisational independence of our class by rejecting all interference by the state and all futile attempts to make use of it to promote our interests. Our point of departure must be what is realistic from the point of view of the working class. Every worker needs a job, a decent wage and the maximum political liberty that can be won under the capitalist system. Whether or not the system can afford this is the capitalists' problem, not ours. We have to expose as apologists for the system those who say our demands are unrealistic. Anybody who accepts the need for any sacrifice, however small, cannot defend workers' interests in the recession. To get what we need we must build fighting organisations whose loyalties lie exclusively on the side of the proletariat. Our organisations must be entirely under our control and 100 per cent committed to the defence of workers' interests. The organisational independence of the working class is not a technical question: it is a political priority. It is only through independent organisation that the defence of workers' 12

Unemployment haunts millions: it's up to the working class to do something about it interests can begin to appear as a realistic proposition to the working class.

The tight for workingclassindependence is the first step on the road to workers' power. Unless we take this step we will never make a revolution, and we will not be able to avert the plunge into barbarism that accompanies the decay of the capitalist system. Our first task is to

CENTRE

bring together those workers who are prepared to take responsibility for the defence of the working class - workers who recognise no other interest but that of their class. So long as workers accept the rules laid down by their present leaders, a defeat of historic proportions lies in prospect. To avoid this it is necessary to 13

guide the mass of the working class in a fight for its interests regardless of the consequences for the capitalist system.

Revolutionaries aim to overthrow capitalism and establish workers' power.

But we will not succeed unless the day-today struggles of our movement are transformed into a fight for class independence. Every struggle provides the chance to fight for an alternative that transcends the realism of capitalism. To seize that chance revolutionaries must outline goals which highlight the need for class independence in the clearest possible form. Labour politicians will say: 'now is not the time'; they will prove' that the system cannot accommodate our demands. But their obsession with the capitalists' account books should be dismissed with contempt. What the bosses do with their money is not our concern. If the ruling class cannot meet our needs it is their system that will have to go, not our livelihoods. Anyway, profit and loss columns do not determine the outcome of a dispute: the balance of class forces does this. The employers will give nothing away without a fight - so the harder we fight, the more they will come to accept the realism of our claims.

Our answers to the crisis The labour bureaucracy's Alternative Economic Strategy makes out that unemployment could fall and living standards rise, if only capitalism were run differently. In this utopian scenario economics becomes a technical matter: exploitation and class antagonisms are defined out of existence. But the AES is not just a harmless fantasy. It is an attempt to cajole the working class into taking responsibility for managing capitalisı. It begins from the preoccupations of the capitalists and ends up calculating the scale of working class sacrifices required to appease their hunger for profits. Policies of industrial regeneration and planning, trade protection and investment all these indicate how the bureaucracy wants to make the bosses' problems the concern of the working class. But workers will be in no position to defend their living standards if their leaders are working hand-in-glove with the employers to save the British economy. Although there are no economic solutions to the crisis, there are measures that can be taken to protect workers from the ravages of the capitalist collapse.

Workers will have to fight all the way for measures that will safeguard jobs, provide work for the unemployed and maintain living standards. It would be facile to imagine that these will be bestowed by kind employers or enlightened parliamentarians - or that they will be guaranteed by formal agreement or legislation. The resources required to ensure the survival of the working class will have to be wrested from the bourgeoisie. Once torn out of their miserly hands they will have to be fiercely defended. The bosses will seek to get them back at the earliest opportunity. As long as capitalism exists, any gains won by workers will be partial, temporary, and the focus of relentless struggle.

The working class has the power to impose its will on the exploiters. As the class struggle escalates over the next few years, new forms of proletarian activity and new objectives will emerge. To predict what these forms will be. or to specify lists of demands, would be to speculate: but it is possible to map out the general direction in which active workers must move. For the class which aspires to control the whole of society, the extension of control over wide areas of social life must be a central priority.

Working class control must begin with the rejection of state and employer meddling in our organisations and go on to encompass control over employment and unemployment, wages and services.

Unemployment is the greatest threat facing us. It haunts millions, raising fear and insecurity among workers who have jobs and condemning those who haven't 14

to a life of misery. Unemployment deepens divisions in the working class, not only between the employed and jobless, but also between men and women, between blacks and whites, and among different sections of the workforce. In particular it isolates young people, women and blacks from the labour movement and multiplies tensions within the ranks of organised labour.

Jobs for all! All the pundits agree that unemployment is the number one issue in Britain today.

Yet unemployment has not become a political issue. It has done little damage to the Tories popularity, for the Labour Party has failed to convince the public that the Tories are to blame. This is not surprising: Labour know that the Tories are not to blame. They believe that unemployment is the unavoidable consequence of the world recession, which is why they accepted mass unemployment under the last Labour Government, and why they are not embarrassed to promise the continuation of the same next time around.

In practice the labour bureaucracy always leaves fighting unemployment up When to the individual worker.

redundancies are threatened, union officials urge workers not to accept severance pay and not to sell the jobs of future generations, as a matter of conscience. Then, when workers respond to the failure of their leaders to organise any concerted resistance to redundancies, when workers pragmatically try to make the best of a bad situation by getting as much redundancy money as possible then the bureaucrats blame them for being 'selfish' and "passive'.

The bureaucracy always expresses sympathy for the unemployed. It will sponsor a People's March for Jobs year after year. But because it sees mass unemployment as a fact of life, it collaborates fully in the shakeout of labour from industry. It also cooperates fully in the policing of unemployed youth in the Youth Opportunities Programme, the Youth Training Scheme and centres for the unemployed. The bureaucrats participate in Social Security tribunals that enforce the immiseration of benefit claimants. The unemployed must not be left to fight alone - unemployment affects the whole of the working class. Every worker who still has a job faces the prospect of redundancy. The very existence of a mass reserve army of labour tends to depress our living standards. The organised working class must take control of the welfare of the unemployed. While the labour bureaucracy is complicit in the atomisation of the unemployed. we agitate for a class-wide response to unemployment. Because every worker needs a job, every attempt to push workers out of their jobs must be fiercely resisted. But resistance can have only limited results if it is directed against individual employers, for the resources necessary to employ everybody in society are owned by the capitalist class as a whole.

Capitalists only employ people if it is profitable for them to do so; today the restoration of profitability demands mass unemployment. Only a concerted struggle, therefore, will compel the capitalist class either to give up the resources necessary to keep everybody in work, or, if work cannot be created, to hand over the cash necessary to maintain the working class. Only a counter-attack around the demand work or full pay can succeed in enforcing the interests of the working class over the demands of capitalist profitability. No redundancies! The labour bureaucracy has fixed things so that, in those plants or industries where workers have observed the effects of declining profits and demand, they see no alternative to redundancies. But whether or not an employer can make profits and sell his products, workers 15

The Manpower Services Commission - jobs for the TUC boys, but not for us arcane still have to feed, clothe and house themselves and their families. Any compromise on the demand for work or full pay is inconsistent with the survival of the working class. Where it is apparent that there is no future in a particular enterprise (for example, in an exhausted coal mine), workers should insist on the creation of the same number of jobs elsewhere in the industry. Older workers unprepared to move should be maintained on full pay until retirement and their jobs made available for younger workers. Where workers are satisfied that a factory closure is only the consequence of the narrow quest for profit, they should fight to keep the plant open, by occupation if necessary. If the particular employer cannot maintain the workforce, then the capitalist class as a whole must be forced to guarantee the jobs or the wages of the workers. Where substantial redundancies are threatened, the same broad approach applies. If individual workers wish to leave or retire early.

they must be appropriately compensated and their vacant places immediately filled. The working class cannot afford to make a distinction between voluntary and compulsory redundancy.

Redundancy pay is no compensation for a job lost: the working class needs every job it can lay its hands on. Compulsory redundancy amounts to the forcible separation of the worker from the only means by which he can survive in a capitalist society. But though voluntary redundancy often appears as the only course open to workers faced with hard-line employers and spineless union officials, it is equally a threat to the survival of the working class. Opposition to voluntary redundancy must form the first line of resistance in our class action against unemployment. In response to the redundancy onslaught, the labour bureaucracy has sponsored a number of schemes such 16

as job-sharing, early retirement, short-time work, part-time work and retraining. Internationally the call for a 35-hour week is also popular. Yet these projects are designed, not to fight unemployment, but to redistribute its effects among the working class. Their end result is to reduce living standards covertly rather than overtly. For the employers, the semi-employment they encourage may be advantageous; but for us it means extending the ranks of impoverished workers. By itself, a shorter working week is a fine objective. But as a solution to unemployment it is a wretched attempt to stabilise the labour market at our expense. Once again, the demand for work or full pay is relevant here. It expresses our hostility to any and all redistributions of unemployment. Work for youth Unemployment has a particularly devastating impact on working class youth. That is why the capitalist state, through the Manpower Services Commission, makes special artangements to discipline young people and to prepare them for a life on the dole. The central aim of the Youth Training Scheme is to contain and if possible militarise a potentially troublesome section of society. The sordid record of initiatives like the YTS shows that the ruling class is not fit to look after the interests of young workers. Workers must take up the cudgels for the younger generation. The young unemployed need work schemes - but work schemes organised by the working class. A programme of work and training controlled by the working class would ensure that young people are taught new skills, that their energies are expended in ways useful to society, and that they fulfil their historic role as the vanguard of the working class movement. The state should be forced to finance these schemes, but should have no say whatever in how they are administered, or in the sort of activities they involve.

Our benefits At present the capitalist class decides on the level of unemployment benefit and uses the Department of Health and Social Security to repress the unemployed. The aim is to pay out as little as possible, and to instil fear in as many as possible. Special DHSS 'snooper squads' spy on claimants and investigate their personal lives. Working class women are the subject of particular harassment, especially under the rules about 'cohabitation'. State repression of the unemployed must become a direct concern for the working class. We must be the ones who control how resources are made available to the unemployed. We must decide how much money the unemployed need to live on, and it is up to us to make sure that the state provides that money. Committees of the employed and unemployed, especially of working class women, must be set up to do this. Similar bodies should take responsibility for the welfare of all the outcasts of bourgeois society - single parents, children, old people and the disabled. This is how to make sure that no section of the working class stands alone, and that all workers are involved in the fight for class survival. At present unemployment acts as a divisive force in the working class. It has eroded confidence and demoralised millions. Yet the fight against unemployment has the potential for uniting every section of the proletariat.

No section of workers can escape the effects of this economic disease. The resources for employing all are there for a working class united and bold enough to seize them. The wages we need The capitalist class cannot afford to pay workers a living wage. The laws of profit mean that the wealth of society is denied to those who produce it. As 17

long as capitalism exists, the proletariat will always have to fight to defend its living standards. Over the past few years, many workers have been forced to accept wage rises below the rate of inflation. More recently, some workers have been forced to accept cuts in money wages. The employers have followed a strategy of picking off one group of workers at a time - with considerable success. Against their efforts to divide us, we must unite around the demand for wages that maintain living standards.

What is a living wage? At present the labour movement accepts a Retail Price Index drawn up by the capitalist state.

But only the working class can decide what wages it needs to get by. Only those whose lives depend on wages deserve to determine them. Just as we need fighting organisations to uphold the interests of those who are not in receipt of wages, so we need structures to defend those who are.

All sections of the exploited and oppressed must band together to monitor prices in the shops, and to make sure that wages increase commensurately.

A minimum wage equal to the value of workers' labour-power must be wrested from the bosses. The unions must be transformed so that they can win the maximum concessions on top of this. The demand for wages that maintain living standards can rally the whole of the working class to this cause.

• Workers need wages or benefits that maintain living standards - our only guarantee of survival is struggle • To organise itself effectively the labour movement must break off all involvement in state bodies Unemployment is a threat to the entire working class - the working class must organise to protect the unemployed 18

4. The unions we need The working class needs powerful mass organisations to protect it from the coming onslaught. But the trade unions lack both the capacity and the will to perform this role. Trade union organisations and their fighting traditions were built up in the past by workers who were determined to band together against the employers and their system. Today they have become more a prop for decaying capitalism than effective combat organisations for the working class. THE UNION bureaucracy hasexpandedinto a broad stratum of local officials. fulltime convenors and senior shop stewards.

This layer is tens of thousands strong.

and its interests are distinct from those of the rank and file workers. At national level. union chiefs ceaselessly engage in tripartite consultations with Whitehall and the employers. in longestablished forums for negotiation, arbitration, and conciliation. At the workplace level, unions often act as the management's bufferagainst the rankandfile. Frequently appointed by management, and always subject to its approval, shop stewards participate in workplace institutions whose formal concerns are matters like health and safety. but whose real interest is higher productivity. Some firms have sponsored combine committees of shop stewards in difterent plants to promote union commitment to the company as a whole. When management endorses the closed shop and checks off union dues from pay packets, union officials maintain that this is in workers interests. Company unions are spreading in newly-established plants. particularly in industries and areas outside the unions' traditional areas of strength. Unions like ASTMS and NALGO bring management representativestogether with workers in a way that militates against independent working class action.

By pushing millions out of work and out of the unions. the recession has weakened the bureaucracy and widened the gulf between it and the rank and file.

When workers have gone on strike over jobs, wages and conditions. their leaders have displayed an interest only in safeguarding their own positions.

Officials cling on more desperately than ever to their quangos, proclaim that longestablished procedures are sacred, and uphold the mystical powers of the Advisory. Conciliation and Arbitration

Service. No wonder more and more workers have become disillusioned and cynical about their unions.

The failure of the unions shows the need for mass organisations that are totally committed to the defence of the working class. Whether the present unions can be transformed or new unions will have to be built will be decided through the course of struggle. But this struggle must begin now - in the unions that already exist. Revolutionaries have a duty to fight inside even the most undemocratic and corrupt of unions. Our objective cannot be to win a place in the bureaucracy, but to win the rank and file over to building, from the bottom up, mass combat organisations that are independent and directly under the control of the proletariat. The struggle for effective unions requires an uncompromising campaign against the narrow trade unionism which particularly afflicts militants in Britain.

British trade unionism breeds sectionalism.

Its love of procedure, the rulebook and government arbitration defuses militancy and allows the bureaucrats to retain the initiative. Against it we must establish a new tradition: that the defence of workers must always come before union custom and practice. Break the links To revitalise the unions we have to begin by reasserting their independence. Union leaders must give up all their seats on quangos, their positions in permanent negotiation and arbitration machinery and all their other links with the bourgeois state. Tripartite bodies have only one aim - to obtain the acquiescence of the representatives of the working class to yet more exploitation. The TUC's social contracts, of which Labour's National Economic Assessment is only the latest version, may give the appearance of 'union power; but in reality they represent the total loss of the unions' independence.

A complete union boycott of all national and local state institutions is long overdue. The only business unions have is to represent the interests of their members. If officials must meet employers and government functionaries, they should do so on an ad hoe basis, and in public.

The same principle applies within capitalist Workers' enterprises. representatives must be pulled out of all consultative and advisory committees on which manangement is represented, meeting it only when the occasion demands, and then in the open. They should vigorously reject calls to 'widen the sphere of collective bargaining' - a reformist formula for extending the scope of class collaboration in the workplace.

And they should repudiate all attempts to draw them into considering the health of the firm or public service, or that of the national economy. Union representatives must consider only their own members' needs, and the broader concerns of the working class as a whole.

Reject arbitration Workers must not allow the state to poke its nose into their conflicts with the employers. The only guarantee of our interests is struggle; any intervention by government tribunals, inquiries or arbitrators can only be to the advantage of the capitalists. Whether they are fighting over jobs, wages, conditions, or against victimisation, workers can have no confidence in any agreement or procedures drawn up by state agencies that are designed to mediate between workers and employers. Conciliation and mediation can only force workers to settle for less than they could win through their own efforts. The institutionalisation of relations between capital and labour must be destroyed. Workers must get rid of the elaborate system of checks and balances that separates them from their adversaries - and instead, take on their employers directly. Institutionalised collaboration between union and employer has proceeded even further in the public sector, and especially in the public services, than in private 20

Standing above their members, union officials work hand in glove with management and government: to win we'll have to run our own strikes The mediating machinery industry. established under the Whitley Councils is a particularly striking expression of this.

Illusions in the state as a neutral arbiter are deeply entrenched among public service workers, and their consequences are disastrous: they allow the government todictate terms to the growingproportion of the working class it employs directly.

It is vital that the public sector unions break away from the state's permanent negotiating apparatus and procedures. We must oppose the formulation of pay levels through comparability' with the private sector.

The only 'comparison' public sector workers need to make is between the wages they get and the wages they ought to get. The working class must also be vigilant about the employers attempts to extend their influence in trade union affairs.

Anti-union legislation, police harassment of pickets, prosecutions of union members for conspiracy or civil damages against employers: these are all direct attacks on working class organisation. Throughout its history the working class has been forced to break the law to defend its rights.

Nothing substantial has ever been won through deference to bourgeois legality.

The criterion by which working class action must be judged is its effectiveness in advancing class interests. not the approbation of High Court judges. The employers will use anything to crush their opponents: the occupation of Laurence Scott's in Manchester was ended in 1981 by a series of raids involving helicopters.

horses. dogs and squads of riot-equipped police. Workers too must be prepared to mobilise their forces and deploy them ruthlessly to defend basic rights.

Rebuild workplace power The political life of the trade unions has heen choked by bureaucracy and procedure. The officials have run the unions to discourage the active participation of rank and file workers within them. For the bureaucrats administrative convenience comes before effectiveness or accountability; relations with employers and the state are more important than contact with the rank and file. Reasserting working class control over the union machine and union officials will be vital. Rank and file workers must decide themselves what demands to make of management and negotiate them 21

directly with the bosses.

In the workplace workers' representatives must take control of union affairs.

To help restore close relations between union and members they must collect dues directly. The check-off system makes sense for the bureaucracy, but the automatic deduction of dues from wages by the employer removes a crucial link between union and workers and gives management and bureaucrats direct control over union funds.

Union membership becomesa passport to passivity and the rank and file can no longer take sanctions against their leaders.

The traditional collection of dues at union meetings should be re-established. Union representatives must be forced to convince their members of the need for active involvement in union affairs. The automatic deduction from wages of political levies to the Labour Party must also be stopped. Instead, a proportion of each worker's union dues should be put into a fund for political activity useful to the working class as a whole.

Workers must alsoenforce the collective discipline of the working class on their fellow workers. Once again, this means re establishing some old practices and discarding some modern ones. Scabs should be intimidated as much as is necessary. Picket lines should be run by the rank and file: workers should be persuaded to join unions by the rank and file, and in person too. And workers who try to sabotage 100 per cent trade union membership in a factory or office should be 'sent to Coventry' and isolated. This does not mean encouraging or allowing management to sack them. The institutionalised closed shop, which 1 reached its zenith under the provisions for automatic dismissal contained in Labour's 1974 Trade Union and Labour Relations Act, can never be a reliable instrument of shop-floor power. A closed shop enforced by the bosses and their state will be used more to victimise militants than it will to deal with scabs.

Insofar as it strengthens the unions, such an arrangement strengthens only the bureaucracy. The automatic closed shop turns entry into a union into a meaningless act: it is not surprising that as the practice has spread, many workers do not even know which union they are in. The closed shop as a convenient deal between bureaucrats and bosses must be replaced with a system of 100 per cent union membership based on a dynamic relationship between the rank and file and its representatives. Make unions accountable Trade union organisation is sectional and bureaucratic. The unions reflect the structure of the working class 50 or 60 years ago better than that of the working class today. Yet union leaders are often more concerned to preserve anachronistic institutions and petty privileges than they are to bring their organisations into line with modern needs. While unemployment has soared, the TUC leaders have spent the past two years fighting tooth and nail over the distribution of seats on the General Council. However the seats are distributed, the current pattern of union organisation will still hamper our struggles.

The fact that workers in the same dispute belong to different unions constantly undermines their capacity to organise The 1982 health workers' resistance. strike was fought by no less than 14 separate unions; every time car workers go on strike, solidarity is dissipated by conflicts between the TGWU and the AUEW. These irrational divisions help to perpetuate union bureaucracies and serve only to disorganise the working class. We must use every opportunity to popularise the necessity for organising workers along "industrial' lines. A single organisation for all workers in an enterprise, industry or branch of the public sector is manifestly the only sensible arrangement from the point of view of the working class.

Unions only work if they respond to the needs of their members. Over a long period of time unions have become mediators: their leaders have one foot in 22

The sooner the miners' union stops fighting for the British coal industry and starts fighting for the the boardroom and one on the shop floor. We need to make the unions committed and unconditionally accountable to the workers they represent.

To this end, all negotiations and disputes, whether local or national, must be conducted by representatives of the rank and file. Full-time union officers must be restricted to carrying out technical and administrative functions. Every attempt must be made to encourage rank and file organisation at the workplace level. A national network of shopfloor representatives is not a substitute for a union, but is likely to prove the most effective form of working class organisation. The rank and file must ensure that its representatives are directly accountable to the workforce. Union democracy cannot be guaranteed by the most working class the better enlightened constitution or the most radical of officials. Only through the direct accountability of representatives to workplace assemblies can the interests of the majority be expressed. Full-time as well as lay representatives must be directly accountable and elected, not appointed.

No union official should be paid more than the workers he represents.

Broaden the unions! Trade unions are only one among many forms of working class organisation. Even the most powerful can only represent a section of the working class. Trade unionists must establish close links with the less organised sections of the proletariat. They should actively take up the cause of the unemployed and defend all the oppressed. Trade unions cannot he really independent if they ignore the 23

problems faced by non-unionised workers, women and blacks. Industrial warfare can only be effective if it is fought from the perspective of extending genuine working class control.

Every gain will demand class control over its implementation. The employers and their friends in the labour bureaucracy will offer us all forms of bogus control industrial democracy' , 'profit-sharing', 'planning agreements'. . These fraudulent schemes are blueprints for selfexploitation: far from extending workers' control, they take control out of the hands of the working class. Real workers' control, by contrast, represents the vigilance of the proletariat and nothing else. Our proposals for reclaiming and rebuilding the unions will be met with bitter hostility by the labour bureaucracy, to whose vestedinterestsin classcollaboration they are a frontal challenge. They will also he condemned by the bureaucracy's left-wing sycophants. But rank and file workers will come to uphold them. They know. first hand, what the corruption of the unions means. • The trade union leaders" deference to the employers and their state and their respect for institutions of arbitration and collaboration are an obstacle to every working class struggle Workers must take control of their own organisations and use them to fight the capitalists, not to mediate in the class struggle The closed shop must be enforced by workers - not policed by employers and bureaucrats: union funds must be controlled by the rank and file to ensure the accountability of union representatives. 24

5. Their state - our rights The British working class has a long tradition of trade union organisation. Its historic weakness lies in the political sphere, where the commanding position of the ruling class has remained virtually unchallenged. The British left reflects and contributes to the political weakness of the working class through its preoccupation with narrow trade union matters.

Yet union affairs are but one of the many spheres of class conflict -and not the most important one at that. ONE YEAR ON from the Malvinas war, the persistence of the 'Falklands Factor' in British politics confirms that the class struggle goes further than the factory gate. If it is to take over the running of society, the working class must have a distinctive voice on every vital issue.

The consensus the ruling class has built since the days when the South Atlantic task force was launched has worked enormously to its advantage. When Thatcher uses Goose Green to tell the union leaders that 'we're all in this together' on the industrial front as well as on the military one, who among them can disagree? The domination of capital rests on its capacity to restrict the class struggle to bargaining over pay and conditions, over the terms on which exploitation takes place. But capitalism impinges on every aspect of our lives, not simply on our activities as wage-labourers. From education, health and housing through to war, workers are forced to scrape by according to the dictates of capital.

The ruling class will never stop ruling unless workers pierce its defences on every front. Trade union attitudes to the capitalist state show how far the rot has gone in the labour movement. Even militants often see the intervention of the state as a step forward. Although they recognise that the police and the courts are anti-working class, many militants believe that the state can be purged of its objectionable features and made to work on behalf of the working class.

It is essential to combat these 'state socialist' views and all efforts to "democratise' the state or make it accountable to the working class.

We have to re-establish a fundamental principle of proletarian politics: that

the state is nothing but the concentrated power of the capitalist class. Whatever party is in government, capital rules.

The state is accountable only to the bourgeoisie. The public sector is not ours Some activists still see the nationalisation of particular industries as a possible avenue out of the recession.

Indeed, Labour Party left-wingers still measure their radicalism by the number of monopolies they want brought into public ownership (Tony Benn thinks 25 would be enough, while Militant ventures a figure of 200). However, state intervention in the economic realm is just as reactionary in its impact as state intervention anywhere else. Over the past 40 years, workers in mining and the railways, and more recently in steel and ship building, have discovered that the state behaves very much like any other capitalist employer. Workers' experience of nationalisation confirms that state intervention in the economy is dictated by the laws of capitalist profit-making, not by any sentimental concern for workers' welfare. We favour neither nationalised industry nor private employers. How the bourgeoisie makes its money is its business. When an individual firm faces bankruptcy, it is entirely legitimate for workers to demand that it be taken under the management of the capitalist class as a whole. However, such measures provide only a breathing space, not a permanent - or even a long-term - solution. Workers must be ready to organise to prevent the mass redundancies and closures that generally follow nationalisation under conditions of recession. Revolutionaries must fight the prejudice that nationalised industries are progressive, or that they prefigure a socialist society. This results in blaming the failure of these enterprises on the working class: it helps to discredit socialism. Any attempt to encourage 'workers' participation' on the hoards of these industries must be opposed. As long as capitalism exists, participation can only mean a share in self exploitation.

The welfare state is the soft side of the capitalist state; there is nothing progressive about it. It is simply a cheap system for maintaining labour-power at an adequate standard for the needs of modern capitalism. The class character of the welfare state is apparent in every school and hospital. Nevertheless, the proletariat needs welfare services to maintain and reproduce itself. When we fight the cuts we do so to defend the working class, not the welfare state. Racism and chauvinism Deepening recession will inevitably provoke further state interference in the life of the working class. The state stands poised to deliver not just further attacks on workers' living standards, but also more intense oppression and more denials of democratic rights. When the proletariat takes the side of the oppressed this will be a sign that a new independent working class politics is in the making.

Bigotry against the oppressed is a powerful weapon for disorienting and dividing the working class. It has been on the increase for many years. Because they pose a threat to the British state, Irish freedom fighters and disaffected young blacks in the inner cities are the first target for chauvinist attacks. The systematic offensive against black people in particular has laid the groundwork for assaults on the working class as a whole.

Racist propaganda not only turns worker against worker, but also rallies large numbers of workers behind the banner of reaction. Even trade union activists who are ready to lead strike action against the bosses will often take sides with the capitalist state against foreigners whether 'Paddies'. ', 'Pakis' or 'Argies'. Nor is the British left immune from this disease: opposition to the EEC and to foreign imports are two of its major 26

commitments. The bourgeois state leads the racist offensive. Racial discrimination is underwritten by special laws which treat blacks as second-class citizens.

Immigration controls give the state the power to control the movement of workers. Once it is established that the state has this right and can discriminate against one section of society, then controls on the entry of immigrants can also be used as a form of internal control.

Passport checks, police raids and expulsions are all used to keep blacks in a vulnerable and isolated position. These controls are reproduced in every aspect of social life - today, discrimination in housing, employment and welfare is the norm. Capital benefits from it directly.

It can dispose of immigrant workers at will as the normal protection afforded lo British citizens is removed.

State racism underpins the spread of racist ideology. Chauvinism breeds on the demoralisation and despair of significant sections of society. Even the working class is infected with it. Narrow trade unionism looks upon foreign workers, not as class brothers and sisters.

but as competitors for scarce jobs. Many labour movement organisations acquiesce to racism and turn a blind eye to discrimination in the workplace and in their own structures. The working class cannot root out racism unless it opposes all immigration controls. State discrimination must be fought at every level. Passport checks and raids should be resisted on the grounds that the state has no right to interfere in the life of the working class.

Deportations must be actively opposed.

by force if necessary. The most effective counter to racism is the organisation of workers' defence groups. Only organised workers have the power to run racist thugs off the streets, and every worker has a duty to defend his class from racist attacks.

Active trade unionists have to set an example by crushing racism inside the unions. The unions deserve no respect so long as they remain indifferent to the discrimination suffered by black and immigrant workers. Too often the response of the unions has been restricted to platitudes about racial unity. They have treated racism as a trade union issue which can be solved by trade union means, ignoring the fact that black workers are not simply exploited as workers but also racially oppressed. Unity between black and white workers can only be forged through a fight against this The onus rests with the oppression. movement to prove its la bour commitment to this task. Women's emancipation The recession has exposed the sham of women's equality in British society.

What limited rights were granted women in the post-war period, the crisis has curtailed. As social services have disappeared, so care for the old, the sick, children and the disabled has once more become the sole province of the family and of women. At the same time millions of women are pushed into part-time work into the most exploitative jobs, and those with the worst conditions. All the old prejudices are brought out to justify the cruder forms of domestic slavery: housework and motherhood are supremely fashionable, and abortion rights are viewed as sacrilegious. The official labour movement is often complicit in the attacks on women. It expects women to make way for 'the real breadwinners' whenever redundancies are announced. Although they pay lip-service to women's equality, union leaders do nothing to fight for it in practice. Women are pushed on to a few token committees and told to get on with it themselves.

The oppression of women as a vital issue for the labour movement has yet to be brought to the attention of male workers.

The oppression of women is rooted in capitalist social relations. Under capitalisin, the family is an isolated and private economic unit. The domestic work carried out within it is essential for 27

maintaining the working class and for reproducing the capitalist system; and it is women who are burdened with this privatised toil. Chained to the home, women are prevented from playing a full role in production and in everyday life.

The isolated position of women in the home dooms them to a subordinate position in society. Even when a woman can go out to look for a job, she enters the market as an inferior.

Her lack of economic independence is codified by statute and made all the more real by ideology. Women have a direct stake in the overthrow of a system which thrives on domestic slavery. The workers' movement has a vested interest in eliminating the sexual divisions which undermine the unity of the working class and which prevent women from playing a full role in social and political life. The ideological drive against women is at the same time an attack on the working class. The call to restore Victorian family values is in Women's rights are a key issue for the working class 28 reality a call to restore the horrific conditions faced by workers in the nineteenth century. The campaign to drive women back to the home runs directly against the interests of the proletariat. The whole working class needs 24-hour nurseries, maternity rights, free abortion on demand, equal access to employment and equal rights to social services for without them women will always be denied the jobs they need. Workers must also fight against the repression of homosexuals by the bourgeois state. This necessitates a clear stand against criminalisation of homosexuality through special legislation.

Fighting for women's and gay rights is one of the most effective ways in which the working class can assert its independence.

Towards a workers' state The state is the employers' main weapon for enforcing the domination of capital.

Police-community dialogue in progress - calls for accountability are irrelevant As long as the bourgeois state survives, any gains won by workers will be limited and transitory. The precondition for the liberation of society is the destruction of the capitalist state. Our aim is to establish a workers' state which serves the interests of the vast majority of society. To realise this objective we have to popularise the need for working class control in the course of the day-to-day class struggle.

Revolutionaries must convince active workers of the urgent need to take sides Without the against the state. development of a conscious anti-state outlook and a determination to resist all forms of state oppression there can be no important steps forward. An independent proletarian movement can only be forged in the battle against the oppression of black and immigrant workers, women, homosexuals and any section of society that faces the violence of state attacks.

Workers must challenge the fantasy of democratising the state -- through an active commitment to fighting for the democratic rights of the oppressed.

The British left is under the illusion that it can use certain parts of the bourgeois state to its own advantage. Bui a state machine that oppresses with one hand cannot fightoppression with another.

The plethora of liberal, state-sponsored institutions in the field of race relations, community affairs, policing and women's rights is still part of the apparatus of oppression. The vogue for parastatal bodies to defend the oppressed is a Whatever the dangerous diversion. motives of left-wing Labour councillors and community activists, the institutions they staff can only serve to reconcile the oppressed to their oppression. They are agencies for containment and can only defuse resistance to state attacks.

The local' state city, borough and metropolitan district councils - is no less a bourgeois institution than the apparatus of central government. In recent years, some radical activists have promoted a parochial version of 'state socialism' 29

which is no more than old-fashioned municipal socialism dressed up as 'community politics'. These left-wing Labour bureaucrats have attempted to popularise the view of the local state as the saviour of jobs and the defender of blacks, women and other sections of the oppressed. This simply encourages atavistic provincial loyalties: it leads workers to bow down before capitalist institutions and paralyses independent initiatives against oppression.

Only the direct action of the working class can fight oppression. The starting point for resistance to state oppression is the organisation of workers' defence groups. The organisation of physical defence against racist attacks by Workers Against Racism provides one model of independent action against oppression.

The same approach can be used whenever any section of the class is under attack.

The fight for democratic rights is one of the most educative experiences available to the proletariat. The fight against oppression allows every individual worker to transcend his or her individual experience and gain important lessons about how society is run. This experience is a necessity for a class that aims to lead the struggle for a new society.

The capitalist state belongs to the capitalist class. It cannot be democratised or transformed.

Neither in whole nor in part can it ever benefit the working class The defence of the democratic rights of blacks. women and all oppressed people is a pressing task for the workers' movement • The struggle against capitalism will advance through the development of a broad anti-state outlook among workers and the assertion of working class control in every struggle. 30

6. Fighting the war drive A world war is no longer a remote possibility. Economic rivalries can no longer be contained within the traditional channels of trade and diplomacy. The breakdown of the long established world imperialist order is the first casualty in the struggle to redivide the world.

All the imperialist powers are busy building lethal weapons; all are preparing for a showdown.

PAX AMERICANA has broken down.

The framework for international relations which the USA has supervised since 1945 gets shakier by the day.

Since the 'sixties the USA has declined economically, becoming less and less able to keep up with its more successful imperialist rivals - especially Japan and West Germany. This basic fact explains every quarrel among the superpowers and every inconclusive summit meeting. One of the most remarkable features of modern times is that the USA, a faltering economic power, remains the strongest political and military force in the world. Such a distorted state of affairs cannot last for ever. Europe and Japan will not tolerate US domination indefinitely. In the meantime, to preserve its hegemony the USA asserts its political and military muscle to make up for its economic weakness. Hence Reagan constantly pushes NATO to the fore, insists on European governments paying out more on its military bills and accepting US missile systems - Cruise, Trident and Pershing.

Washington has been very keen to stress its unique responsibility for containing communism. In reality, however, the new Cold War is much more about bonding Europe back to America than it is about 'Soviet aggression'.

The outcry that greeted Reagan's sanctions against the Siberian pipeline, plus the anxiety with which Western European governments regard his inflexible posture at the Geneva arms negotiations, together demonstrate a fundamental divergence of interest.

The arms race is widely perceived as an East-West matter. Yet though East-West conflicts exist, they are secondary to those within the imperialist camp. All the demonology America creates around Andropov is an attempt to get its rivals to see that the American

way is the only way. But it serves a wider purpose too, for all the Western powers use it as an excuse to pillage the Third World. Wars in the Third World Backward capitalist countrics have never escaped from the imperialists' torture Britain and chambers. When America, France got on better, all three prosecuted an endless series of jungle, desert and mountain wars in the Third World. Now that they are falling out, each grabs Third World markets, raw materials and investment opportunities with the help of their armed forces. Meanwhile West Germany, Japan and Italy trade arms with vigour. waiting for their moment. The imperialists have yet to slug it out with each other directly. For the present the carve-ups are confined to the backward capitalist countries. As the 'eighties progress, we will see more Belgranos and more Beiruts; yet the heroism of the liberation movements of Central America, of the Palestinians in Israeli-occupied territory, of the Namibian guerrillas and of the republicans in Ireland will continue too. It will ensure that even the poorest peasant retains his dignity against the imperialist marauders.

Fight imperialism for peace For the past 30 years the working classes of the West have not faced the threat of war. Today. however.

the instability of world politics makes war a real possibility. Nuclear war is capital's final solution: but every crisis in international relations threatens to drag the working class into a spiral of military violence. The militarisation of political life in every Western country draws all sections of society into the drive towards war.

Militarism is not just about cruise missiles. It is about the whole Falklands media circus - the departing troopships, the heroic homecomings, the vicarious exploitation of the bereaved. Militarism echoes in every sentimental tribute to Charles and Diana; it is what Thatcher means when she invokes 'our national destiny'. And the labour bureaucrats are all for it: the language with which they castigate the American multinationals, Japanese cars and French vegetables becomes more aggressive all the time. At union conferences, the violence of capitalist unemployment supplies the excuse for virulent attacks, not on the employers.

but on any producer who isn't British.

In each imperialist country the labour movement apes the warmongering of the bourgeoisie. France's ruling Socialist Party, under Mitterand's leadership, has distinguished itself by strident attacks on the Soviet Union, while the French communists, Mitterand's lieutenants, view the nuclear force de frappe with pride. In Britain Labour worries about the Bomb - especially the American Bomb - but sees nothing objectionable about the fact that Britain's military machine is still one of the most deadly in the world. Indeed the party is committed to making the murderous war fleet more deadly still.

The labour leaders have cynically manipulated people's yearning for peace.

Britain's Labour Party and West Germany's social democrats suck up to the peace movement but stay loyal to NATO. These parties have thwarted the emergence of working class antipathy to war, with the result that the peace movements of Europe and North America have tended to be based on the middle class. The Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and its equivalents overseas stress personal survival and global holocausts above all else. They are narrowly anti-nuclear, not anti-militarist. Rather than opposing militarism, they call for alternative defence strategies based on conventional weapons. Hence bourgeois forces, including politicians, generals and 32

Death merchants Britain are at home: dealing with them is our first priority bishops who fully support the imperialist order, have had no problems joining them. This phenomenon is most striking in West Germany and the USA, but it is also evident in Britain. The peace movement has made its peace with imperialism. It says nothing about Nicaragua, nothing about Belfast.

It has redefined peace to mean not increasing America's nuclear lead any further (the 'freeze' movement in the USA) or, alternatively, to mean keeping Poland, Portugal and other countries in between free from nuclear bases (Europe's anti-nuclear campaigns). Such parochial aims can easily fit in with the chauvinist perspectives of the ruling class. In Europe, much of the peace movement already exhibits deep anti-American prejudices. Indeed, the European bourgeoisie has been able to use its peace movements to put pressure on Washington. The politics of the peace movements fly in the face of the widespread desire to avert a nuclear war. The war drive is the inevitable outcome of the crisis of imperialism; it is not a policy that can be adopted or rejected at the whim of heads of state. When competition by peaceful

USA

GOHOME

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means is insufficient, then preparations for a more forceful kind of competition must begin. In a world recession, peace and imperialism are simply incompatible.

A peace movement that fails to challenge imperialism will be at best irrelevant, at worst its accomplice. Disarm the ruling class The threat of world war shows what convulsions capitalism is in. Only a return to barbarism can save the capitalist system; only if that system is swept away can humanity save itself from barbarism. The war drive provides one of the most impelling motives for building a communist society, and fast.

The war drive is not a problem for the future: it already exists in the present.

Active workers must denounce those who ignore the reality of bloodshed today for the possibility of Armageddon tomorrow. A movement that cannot oppose the wars fought now will never be able to stop wars in the future.

On its own the slogan for nuclear disarmament is meaningless. All the imperialist powers are extending their arsenals; they can no more disarm than they can abandon the search for profits.

War can only be averted if imperialism is disarmed by the working class.

The struggle against the capitalist class is a struggle against militarism; the struggle against militarism is a struggle against the capitalist class.

Militarism is the only policy the bosses can pursue today, because for them the accumulation of capital is literally a life or death matter. Their interest lies in rallying us against foreign upstarts and usurpers. Our interest lies in defeating them. For us, therefore, the old revolutionary slogan 'the enemy is at home' retains all its validity. One day the working class will sabotage munitions factories, wreck naval dockyards, make runways unusable, jam intelligence signals and pour concrete down missile silos.

Any tactic that brings that day closer marks a victory for peace. To turn imperialist war into civil war is our highest goal. Our quarrel is with our exploiters, not with people abroad.

For that reason we oppose all their imperialist fronts, from gladiatorial NATO to the United Nations circus.

The working class has to throw its weight behind all wars of national liberation. Oppressor nations versus oppressed nations: this is the essence of imperialism, and it dictates that we take sides. The metropolitan working class will not fulfil its historic mission unless it combats every military adventure against the Third World.

Active workers must repudiate non-nuclear 'defence' programmes. For the imperialist 'defence' means wiping out the enemy: the rape of the oppressed is always justified as essential for the 'defence' of some lofty principle 'democracy' in Vietnam, 'freedom' in El Salvador, 'self-determination' for the Falklanders. Workers must reject all forms of militarism and all the hypocritical justifications that are wheeled out in support of them.

Workers can have no truck with anti-Soviet propaganda. It is a pretext for rearmament in the West and intervention in the Third World. The bourgeoisie's hypocritical concern for 'human rights' in the Eastern bloc is simply a cover for the war drive. That the Soviet Union is a travesty of communism, that the October Revolution has been overturned into a system of bureaucratic oppression does not change this fact. Similarly, to refute the notion that the USSR is the instigator of today's arms race is not to pay the Kremlin a compliment: it is simply to recognise that the current war drive emanates from the imperialist camp.

Every type of smear against the Eastern bloc must be opposed - not because the USSR is progressive, but because any imperialist advance strengthens reaction throughout the world. The best way we can show our solidarity with the workers of the Eastern 34

bloc is to take on imperialism, the main enemy of the world proletariat. A successful encounter on our part would create the best conditions for the workers of the Eastern bloc to deal once and for all with their rulers. Peace on our terms Hatred for war sustains the movement for peace. Yet, divorced from the struggle against capitalism, anti-war sentiments can be put to sinister ends. Pacifism is attractive on the surface but both unrealistic and reactionary beneath. It is unrealistic because it assumes that peace can come about in a system that needs war to carry on. It is reactionary because it rejects all wars and all violence.

From the point of view of the working class all wars are not the same. While we oppose imperialist warfare, we support wars of oppressed nations against imperialism in the same way we support civil war against our own oppressors.

Renouncing violence means knuckling under: while we are far from indifferent to aspirations for peace, we point out Beirut 1982 - by 1984 it could be anywhere 35 that it must be fought for, that it can only be secured by disarming the bosses and their state. Fight for Irish freedom A successful struggle against British imperialism demands the exposure of pro-imperialist politics inside the official labour movement. The right wing of the labour bureaucracy is fully behind the imperialist war drive. Its pro-imperialist credentials were on view for all to see in the war against Argentina, and it has long approved of British involvement in South Africa, Ireland and elsewhere. And the left wing? It has a tradition of anti-imperialist rhetoric, but prefers to denounce intervention in countries where Britain plays no direct role: El Salvador is its current favourite.

Above all, it refuses to challenge Britain's right to occupy and terrorise Ireland. It denies that Britain is an imperialist power and has the gall to paint one of the world's best armed super-powers as a battered colony of the USA. This allows the left to mix

anti-American appraisals of remote international events with a form of radical British nationalism in relation to matters close to home. The prime focus of anti-imperialist activity in Britain must be solidarity with the national liberation struggle in Ireland. We are lucky to have a powerful ally in our fight against our exploiters: the Irish people. The struggle for Irish freedom is a major threat to the British ruling class. This is why the British state puts immense resources into containing it, both in the Six Counties and in Britain. General endorsement for Britain's oppression of Ireland has allowed the ruling class to stir up anti-Irish chauvinism. This breeds reaction and provides imperialism with a strong ideological prop. British workers stand unable to defend their class interests as long as they accept their bosses' policies on Ireland. From this it follows that the fight for Irish freedom inside the working class will play a pivotal role in the British revolution.

Workers must reject any and all British solutions for Ireland. They must support the right of the Irish people to decide their future and they must demand the immediate withdrawal of British troops. We cannot be idle spectators in this war, but must work for our enemy's final and irreversible defeat. • Because militarism is inseparable from capitalism, peace can only be realised through the overthrow of the present system • The enemy is at home - tur imperialist war into civil war!

• Unconditional support for all anti-imperialist movements!

No to anti-Soviet hysteria!

Forward to the defeat of British imperialism in Ireland!

36

7. Austerity socialism - or revolutionary communism? The old parties of the labour movement have come to terms with the recession. The Labour Party and its continental counterparts distinguish themselves from outright pro-capitalist parties only by how many billions they are prepared to risk reflating the economy. But they are not prepared to risk any action that might threaten the capitalist system. THE 'EIGHTIES have shown that the old parties of the labour movement have become one of the strongest weapons in the hands of the ruling class. Every socialist party elected to government during the past three years - in France, Greece, Sweden, Spain and Portugal - has proceeded to launch a concerted attack on the working class. Many outraged supporters have accused the socialist parties of reneging on their promises. But these parties had little to betray. They have consistently argued that the capitalist system must be made to work, and in government they have simply implemented the policies that are necessary for the system to survive. The record of austerity socialism throughout Europe shows that the old labour parties have become subservient to the capitalist class. While they depend on the votes of workers they are accountable only to the bosses. This is particularly striking in the case of the British Labour Party. The last Labour Government took its orders from the Bank of England and the employers' organisations and as a matter of course, promoted a regime of austerity. Since it was ousted by the Tories in 1979 all that Labour has done is offer a sweeter version of the same austerity pill.

Workers do not vote for the Labour Party because they want it in office: they vote Labour to keep the Tories out.

Labour's programme inspires no-one militants have seen all the played-out demands for nationalisation, state investment, planning agreements and industrial democracy before and expect even less to come of them than they did in the past.

For most workers Labour's sole merit is that it isn't as bad as the Tories. Labour stumbles on only because workers can see no alternative to it. Many on the left argue that Labour should be supported because it is at least the lesser evil. When Labour's compassionate rhetoric is contrasted to the unyielding stance of the Tories this

argument appears plausible. But as far as the long-term interests of the working class are concerned there can be no evil worse than the Labour Party. The incoherent ramblings of Labour politicians, whether in government or opposition, have convinced millions of workers that there is no working class alternative. Some have become cynical, others have become demoralised, and many have moved towards right-wing parties. So long as Labour is seen as the working class party millions more will become demobilised and our class will continue to lack a sense of purpose and direction. Those who preach the dogma of the "lesser evil' are most to blame for keeping the Labour Party going. Instead of encouraging the working class to build the sort of movement that it needs, the left restricts the horizons of the proletariat and argues it must make do with the lesser evil.

For 60 years, the left has operated as a pressure group in and around the Labour Party. It has criticised - even denounced - many a Labour dignitary.

But in the end it has always advised workers to stay with the party in the faint hope that one day things will be different. Every move the left has made since the recession has been made in Labour's shadow. Each general election has drawn the left further into the mainstream of Labour politics. In the past, sections of the left qualified their support for Labour with the proviso that support was a short-term expedient to expose the party as a prelude to destroying it. Today, however, there are no such qualifications. Indeed the left has become the most active advocate of Labourism.

It is the only section of the party that still believes that electing Labour would have beneficial consequences for the working class. The left's uncompromising support for Labour is the reflex action of a movement that has lost faith in itself.

The British left no longer believes that it can lead working class struggles or that it has any independent role to play. Having no distinctive politics of its own, it simply provides a radical rendition of the same old Labour ideas. The future of the left is now intimately bound up with that of the labour bureaucracy. This is not surprising, for the left has gradually become part of the labour bureaucracy.

Indeed, over the past few years it has found a cosy niche for itself in the machinery of government. Yesterday's down-at-heel activists are today's salaried representatives of the community; some even look forward to becoming MPs. A small army of councillors. race relations advisers, women's rights officers and experts on 'policing' now defines the attitudes, culture and aims of the British radical left. Class unity The labour bureaucrats are more at home in warm committee rooms than in openair strike meetings - and so, more and more, are their left-wing hangers-on. The bureaucrats try to protect themselves by issuing calls for 'unity': the left follows suit and performs the special job of guarding Labour's left flank by inveighing against those outside the party as 'splitters' and 'sectarians'. Thus workers' genuine desire for a united class response to the bosses' offensive is perverted to boost the bureaucracy. For the left, unity is a timeless, abstract principle that exists above contending classes and policies. Even when it is obvious that the Labour leaders are pursuing only their own narrow selfinterest, the left does not think twice about doing their dirty work. Yet today unity around the labour bureaucracy means putting parasites before the cause of the working class. Salvaging the Labour Party and the union machine means sacrificing the working class to austerity socialism. Real class unity must be forged through a consistent struggle for socialist objectives. The unity of the working class is not the same as the preservation of the labour bureaucracy. Class unity 38

today requires the rejection of the existing leadership of the labour movement.

Today the interests of workers and those of the bureaucracy are more at odds than ever before. Workers need to safeguard jobs and living standards: the bureaucrats offer supine acceptance of redundancies and 'agreed' wage cuts. Workers' interests are directly opposed to British imperialism; the bureaucrats are its most fervent advocates. Our main weapon is our power; theirs is the collective social capitalist state. Revolutionary communism has only one loyalty to the international proletariat. This is why revolutionary communists feel under no obligation to the organisations of the labour bureaucracy.

On the contrary, ridding the labour movement of the cancer at its head will be a tremendous gain for our class. We aim to give the sharpest possible expression to the conflict of interests between the bureaucracy and the rank and file Revolutionary communism Many reluctant and shamefaced supporters of the Labour Party say that they accept much of our analysis but cannot agree with the practical measures we propose. They feel that it is premature to build a new organisation and exclaim: 'how can a small party like yours hope to make a go of it?'

For more than half a century this argument has held sway. Generations of left-wingers have refused to settle scores with the labour bureaucracy because they have been persuaded that the time is not yet right.

After June 1983 only the most ardent dogmatist or the most faithful follower of the labour bureaucracy can argue with conviction that the future of the proletariat lies with Labour. The result of the subservience of the left to past traditions is that it is the Tories and the SDP-Liberal Alliance that benefit from workers' disenchantment with Labour. Years of Labourism have taken their toll. The rot has gone so deep that the majority of the working class cannot even bring itself to support its traditional party. The construction of a revolutionary alternative to Labour is far from premature. It is long overdue. Those who deny the need to build a revolutionary party today reject the proletarian power. Yet possibility of such power is within our grasp: it is not just something we would like, but the only realistic course of action open to the working class. The labour bureaucracy and its outriders on the left pride themselves on their hard-headed pragmatism. They denounce any struggle outside their control as unrealistic. But is it realistic to leave the future of our class in the hands of a Michael Foot, a Tony Benn or a Ken Livingstone? Is it not a reckless gamble to stake our lives on a party that has betrayed the working class more often than memory can recall?

The twilight of capitalist 'civilisation' provides continuous and irrefutable arguments for communism. It unmasks all the old assumptions and personalities, and forces all the familiar parties on to the defensive. Because we have invested nothing in the existing order, because we are untroubled by the dead weight of tradition, the world will be ours. The programme of revolutionary communism starts today: it is never too early to assert the independent interests of the proletariat. • The working class urgently needs to free itself from the disastrous influence of the labour bureaucracy • The working class can only unite against its existing leadership, not with it • Now is the time to build the party of the future 39

Don't waste your time with the parties of the past... The Revolutionary Communist Party was formed in May 1981 after several years of development as a propaganda group engaged in theoretical and practical activity. In the past two years the RCP has grown in size and influence. We have branches in most major cities in England and many supporters in Wales, Scotland and Ireland. We sponsor the Irish Freedom Movement and Workers Against Racism, the leading campaigns in the fight for Irish freedom and against racism in Britain. We actively support all struggles to defend jobs, trade union and political rights and working class living standards.

The existing leadership of the labour movement in the Labour Party and the TUC is a barrier to the defence of working class interests. The Labour Party is committed to salvaging British capitalism - at our expense. The RCP's only commitment is to the working class and its fight against the present system. If you've read our programme and are interested in finding out more about us, write to:

THE REVOLUTIONARY COMMUNIST PARTY

BM RCP, LONDON WCIN 3XX

Fight back with the party of the future

REP

40

the next step review of the Revolutionary Communist Party The next 12 months will bring deeper recession, more unemployment and more social conflict in British society. The war in Ireland will carry on and the fight for rights for women and black people will continue. There will almost certainly be more war in the Middle East and Latin America, more turmoil and famine in Africa and Asia. While NATO falls apart, the Soviet bloc will continue to disintegrate.

Every month the next step brings news and comment from a working class point of view on the class struggle in Britain and abroad. It contains information and arguments for people who want to change the world.

Don't waste another year - take the next step now!

£5.00 for 12 issues. Send cheques to Junius Publications, BCM JP LTD, London WCIN 3XX.

41

TAKING CONTROL

A handbook for trade union militants Mike Freeman Five years ago the Tories and the press screamed about the unions being too strong, claiming that union power was ruining the British economy. The recession has exposed the myth of union power. Hundreds of thousands of redundant workers can testify to the ineffectiveness of their unions and millions more can tell how workplace union organisation has been effectively destroyed. While the union leaders grovel at the Tories' feet, their members either join the dole queues or face harsher working conditions and lower wages. After 40 years and more of operating in the shadow of the state and with the cooperation of the employers, the unions have become remote from their members and irrelevant to their needs. Forms of organisation and methods -- recognition, bargaining procedures, the closed shop, shop-steward and convenor systems, the check-off - have become a means of containment operated jointly by employers and union officials. In the workplace and beyond the unions have been transformed from instruments of collective defence and combat into a bureaucratic machinery for defusing class struggle in industry.

Taking control is a handbook for trade union militants who want to take control of their own organisations from the workplace upwards as the first step towards taking control over the whole of society. It examines the working class as it exists today and its present organisations. It analyses the trade union bureaucracy and its reliance on state intervention in industrial relations. It looks at the problems confronting active workers in the recession - wages, conditions, redundancies, unemployment. And it explores the relationship between trade union activity and broader questions of working class politics.

Taking control outlines a strategy for reclaiming our unions and rebuilding them into effective fighting organisations for the working class.

Junius 42

REAL FREEDOM

Women's liberation and socialism Kate Marshall The landslide victory of the Conservative Party in June 1983 is an ominous event for women. The Tories are pledged to restore Victorian values - and Victorian rights and living standards - in Britain in the 'eighties. Already the recession has forced thousands of women out of work and back to the home. Women's limited rights to health care.

nursery facilities and abortion are now in jeopardy.

Almost before the Tory onslaught began. the once influential Women's Liberation Movement collapsed. Over the past four years it has virtually given up any attempt to defend women's living standards and rights, let alone any attempt to liberate women from capitalist oppression. The women's movement has been reduced to protesting against the installation of American nuclear missiles in Britain in the future, while life has become increasingly intolerable for women in Britain in the present.

Kate Marshall indicates a new direction for the fight for women's liberation. She relates women's oppression today to capitalist society in crisis. Real Freedom points the way forward through the fight for 'a woman's right to work' to a working class strategy for women's liberation. Junius £1.95 43

AN ANTI-IMPERIALIST'S GUIDE TO THE IRISH WAR

Irish Freedom Movement The election of Gerry Adams as Sinn Fein MP for West Belfast in the June 1983 General Election is yet another blow to British attempts to brand the Irish national liberation struggle a psychopathic terrorist conspiracy without popular support. Sinn Fein's election success confirms the breadth of approval among the nationalist people for the republican movement's campaign against the British occupation.

Yet the Irish freedom struggle remains anathema to the British people. An anti-imperialist's guide to the Irish War aims to explode the myths that attempt to justify British domination over Ireland and help to hide all its attendant brutalities. It includes the facts and the arguments that can make the fight for Irish freedom a cause for tens of thousands of people in Britain, as well as in Ireland.

Clear-eyed and level-voiced arguments supplemented by exceptionally useful guide to personalities and organisations, chronology and other solid information. Time Out 'If accepted, the arguments will give to solidarity work a central place that it doesn't now have on the British left.' City Limits 'In many ways this book is a welcome development.' Saoirse (newspaper of the Irish Republican Socialist Party) •The Guide is excellent value and a comprehensive reference source on our embarrassing 13 year old war. New Society 'Attractively produced and well illustrated... The book provides a tidy synopsis of what the North of Ireland is all about... For £1.95, you won't get better,' The Irish Post 'A mine of factual information...a concise introduction to Irish solidarity work. I have no hesitation in recommending it to sympathisers and activists at home and abroad.

Fionnbarra O'Dochartaigh, founder member, Civil Rights Movement, Derry All publications are available from the address below. Make cheques payable to Junius Publications and send orders to:

BCM JP LTD

London WCIN 3XX 44

PREPARING FOR

POWER

The world recession reveals that the capitalist system is rotten to the core. The survival of capitalism depends on mass unemployment and poverty in the West and famine and mass terror in the Third World.

Today the superpowers fight to save their system in Lebanon, El Salvador and Southern Africa. They are building up conventional and nuclear weapons for a final showdown.

In Britain the Conservative Party won a landslide victory in the 1983 General Election on a programme that promised higher unemployment and lower living standards and the denial of political rights to trade unionists, women, blacks and the Irish people. The Tories won, not because their policies were so appealing, but because the Labour Party's alternative was so pathetic and unconvincing. The traditional party of the working class has lost the allegiance and the confidence of most working class people. The recession and the disintegration of the Labour Party open up prospects for a brighter future. Never before has the necessity for a new way of running society seemed so urgent. Never has the creation of a new party of the working class to get rid of the present system appeared a more practicable proposition. Preparing for power begins from the need to defend the working class against the Tory onslaught and points the way forward to the establishment of communism.

junius 30 p ISBN 0 9508404 2 4